Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
The necessary and sufficient condition for equilibrium between two phases is

The temperature of each phase should be same
The chemical potential of each component should be same in the two phases
The concentration of each component should be same in the two phases
The pressure should be same in the two phases

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
A refrigeration cycle is a reversed heat engine. Which of the following has the maximum value of the co-efficient of performance (COP) for a given refrigeration effect?

Carnot refrigeration cycle
Air refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression cycle using expansion valve
Vapor compression cycle using expansion engine

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