Soil Mechanics and Foundation
With the increase in the amount of compaction energy

both optimum water content and maximum dry density decrease[ES 93]
both optimum water content and maximum dry density increase
optimum water content increases but maximum dry density decreases
optimum water content decreases but maximum dry density increases

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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