Measurement and Instrumentation
In measurement system, the function of the signal manipulating elements is to

 change the magnitude of the input signal while retaining its identity.
 to perform non liner operation like clipping filtering, chopping and clamping.
 to perform linear operation like addition and multiplication.
 change the quantity under measurement to an analogues signal.

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Measurement and Instrumentation
Assertion (A) : It is always desirable to take the reading of an indicating instrument very close to the full scale reading. Reason (R) : Accuracy of an indicating instrument is maximum at the full scale deflection and error increases as reading comes closer to the beginning of the scale.

 Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
 A is true but R is false
 A is false bur R is true
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

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