System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
all of the listed here

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System Analysis and Design
An audit trial is

designed to permit tracing of any input record or process performed on a system, back toits original sources
All of these
post-auditing the system after its implementation
None of these
test data used by the system auditor

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