System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

All of these
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
assumes that the black box is independent
None of these

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System Analysis and Design
Positive testing is

running the system with line data by the actual user
is checking the logic of one or more programs in the candidate system
making sure that the new programs do in fact process certain transactions according to Specifications
testing changes made in an existing or a new program

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