Surveying
Which of the following is not used in measuring perpendicular offsets ?

optical square
line ranger
steel tape
cross staff

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Surveying
Systematic errors

Always follow some definite mathematical law
Are also known as cumulative errors
All listed here
Can be removed by applying corrections to the observed values

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument
All of these
the instrument is to be shifted frequently
fly levelling is being done over long distance

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