Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
The bypass factor (B. P. F.) in case of sensible heating of air is (Where td₁ = Dry bulb temperature of air entering the heating coil, td₂ = Dry bulb temperature of air leaving the heating coil, and td₃ = Dry bulb temperature of heating coil)

(td₂ - td₃)/(td₃ - td₁)
(td₃ - td₁)/(td₃ - td₂)
(td₃ - td₂)/(td₃ - td₁)
(td₃ - td₁)/(td₂ - td₃)

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
One ton of the refrigeration is

The standard unit used in refrigeration problems
The cooling effect produced by melting 1 ton of ice
The refrigeration effect to produce 1 ton of ice at NTP conditions
The refrigeration effect to freeze 1 ton of water at 0°C into ice at 0°C in 24 hours

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