Mass Transfer
Which of the following gas-liquid contacting devices incurs the least pressure drop for a particular duty?

Grid tray tower
Wetted wall tower
Perforated tray tower
Bubble cap tower

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Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column

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Mass Transfer
In case of an absorber, the operating

Line always lies below the equilibrium curve
Velocity is more than the loading velocity
Line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve
Line always lies above the equilibrium curve

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