System Analysis and Design
Direct-access organization

uses an index for each key type
Stores records sequentially but uses an index to locate records
has records placed randomly throughout the file
means storing records in contiguous blocks according to a key.

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System Analysis and Design
System prototyping helps the designer in

communicating to the user, quickly, how the system, when developed, will look like and get a feedback.
giving a demo of the software, to the system manager to whom he reports
all of the listed here
making the programmers understand how the system will function.

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System Analysis and Design
Data manipulation language (DML)

specifies for the DBMS what is required; the techniques used to process data
determine how data must be structured to produce the user's view
describes how data are structured in the data base
all of the listed here

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