System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
all of the listed here
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed

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System Analysis and Design
Sequential or series testing is

is checking the logic of one or more programs in the candidate system
testing changes made in an existing or a new program
making sure that the new programs do in fact process certain transactions according to Specifications
running the system with line data by the actual user

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