Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3

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Theory of Machine
In a hydrodynamic journal bearing, there is

A forced lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
A very thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing such that there is contact between the journal and the bearing
No lubricant between the journal and the bearing

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