Electrical Machines
The compensating winding in a DC machine

  is located on pole shoes for avoiding the flashover at the commutator.
 is located on commutating poles for improving commutation.
 is located in armature slots for compensation of the armature reaction.
  is located on pole shoes to avoid the sparking at the brushes.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  any of the above methods.

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