Machine Design
When the connected members are very yielding (soft gasket) as compared to the bolt, then the resultant load on the bolt will be equal to the

Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
Initial tension
External load applied
Initial tension or external load, whichever is greater

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Machine Design
The plasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force
Regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Resist fracture due to high impact loads

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