Machine Design
When the connected members are very yielding (soft gasket) as compared to the bolt, then the resultant load on the bolt will be equal to the

Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
Initial tension or external load, whichever is greater
External load applied
Initial tension

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
None of these
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets

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