Machine Design
When the bolt is very yielding as compared to the connected members, then the resultant load on the bolt will be equal to the

Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
Initial tension or external load, whichever is greater
External load applied
Initial tension

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Machine Design
A bolt of M 24 × 2 means that

Cross-sectional area of the threads is 24 mm²
The effective diameter of bolt is 24 mm and there are 2 threads per cm
The nominal diameter of bolt is 24 mm and pitch is 2 mm
The pitch of the thread is 24 mm and depth is 2 mm

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