Theory of Machine
When the addenda on pinion and wheel is such that the path of approach and path of recess are half of their maximum possible values, then the length of the path of contact is given by (where r = Pitch circle radius of pinion, R = Pitch circle radius of wheel, and φ = Pressure angle)

[(r + R) cosφ]/2
[(r + R) sinφ]/2
[(r² + R²) sinφ]/2
[(r² + R²) cosφ]/2

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Theory of Machine
In a band and block brake, the ratio of tensions on tight side and slack side of the band is (where μ = Coefficient of friction between the blocks and the drum, θ = Semi-angle of each block subtending at the center of drum, and n = Number of blocks)

T₁/T₂ = [(1 - μ tanθ)/(1 + μ tanθ)]n
T₁/T₂ = μ. θ. n
T₁/T₂ = (μ θ)n
T₁/T₂ = [(1 + μ tanθ)/(1 - μ tanθ)]n

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