Theory of Machine
When the addenda on pinion and wheel is such that the path of approach and path of recess are half of their maximum possible values, then the length of the path of contact is given by (where r = Pitch circle radius of pinion, R = Pitch circle radius of wheel, and φ = Pressure angle)

[(r² + R²) cosφ]/2
[(r + R) sinφ]/2
[(r + R) cosφ]/2
[(r² + R²) sinφ]/2

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Theory of Machine
Which of the following statement is correct for involute gears?

The interference is inherently absent.
A convex flank is always in contact with concave flank.
The variation in centre distance of shafts increases radial force.
The pressure angle is constant throughout the teeth engagement.

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