System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
all of the listed here
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity
to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.

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System Analysis and Design
HIPO

consists of a hierarchy chart and an associated set of input/process/ output charts
is a forms-driven technique in which standard forms are used to document the information
All of these
captures the essence of top down decomposition.
None of these

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