System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
None of these
All of these
assumes that the black box is independent

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System Analysis and Design
In a Decision tree

all of the listed here
the root is drawn on the left and is the starting point on the decision sequence
the nodes represent the conditions, with the right wise of tree listing the actions to be taken
the branch, to be followed, depends on the conditions and decisions, to be made

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System Analysis and Design
HIPO

captures the essence of top down decomposition.
is a forms-driven technique in which standard forms are used to document the information
None of these
All of these
consists of a hierarchy chart and an associated set of input/process/ output charts

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