System Analysis and Design
The approach used in top-down analysis and design is

to identify a top level function an d then create a hierarchy of lower-level modules and components.
to prepare flow charts after programming has been completed
all of the listed here
to identify the top level functions by combining many smaller components into a single entity

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System Analysis and Design
In the system concepts, term Integration

refers to the manner in which each component functions with other components of the system.
refers to the holism of systems
implies structure and order
means that parts of the computer system depend on one another

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