Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure

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