Mass Transfer
Weeping in a distillation column

Results due to very high gas velocity
Increases tray efficiency
Provides large interfacial surface for mass transfer
Results due to very low gas velocity

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Mass Transfer
In steam distillation, the

Product must be immiscible with water
Temperature is more than 100° C
Temperature is 100°C
Temperature is higher than the boiling point of either component

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Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In towers packed randomly with crushed solids
In dumped packing of regular units
In towers packed with stacked packing
At very high liquid flow rate

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