Process Equipment and Plant Design
Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column

Must be large enough (usually 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent plugging but should not deliver excessive amount of fluid during operation
All of these
Are normally located near the overflow weir so that any delivery of liquid during operation follows approximately the same path as the overflow fluid
Facilitate draining out liquid from a tray when the unit is not in operation

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Irrespective of the shape of the vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

None of these
It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation
Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty

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