Mass Transfer
Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being same)

Increases pressure drop, increases surface area
Decreases pressure drop, increases surface area
Decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area
Increases pressure drop, decreases surface area

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Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column

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Mass Transfer
Bollman extractor

Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed
Is a static bed leaching equipment
Employs only counter-current extraction
Is a centrifugal extractor

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