Heat Transfer
Unsteady state heat conduction occurs, when

Temperature distribution is dependent on time
Three dimensional heat flow is concerned
Temperature distribution is independent of time
Heat flows in one direction only

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Heat Transfer
Water always boils when its

Saturated vapour pressure equals the external pressure on its surface
Saturated vapour pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure
Temperature reaches 100° C
Vapour pressure equals 76 cm of Hg

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Heat Transfer
Vacuum is generally maintained in the vapour space of an evaporator mainly to

Get economical temperature difference by using moderate pressure steam
Achieve very high concentration of the final product
Concentrate heat sensitive materials
Facilitate forward feeding in multiple effect evaporation

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