Machine Design
Two helical springs of the same material and of equal circular cross-section, length and number of turns, but having radii 80 mm and 40 mm, kept concentrically (smaller radius spring within the larger radius spring), are compressed between two parallel planes with a load W. The inner spring will carry a load equal to

8W/9
2W/3
W/2
W/9

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side

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