Machine Design
The design of pin of a rocker arm of an I.C. engine is based on

Bearing failure
Shearing failure
Bending failure
All of these

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Machine Design
Split nut is a locking device in which

Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at the other end
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening screw
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip

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Machine Design
Spring stiffness is

Its ability to absorb shocks
Its capability of storing energy
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Load required to produce unit deflection

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