Mass Transfer
Tower diameter may be decreased by

Use of increased tray spacing
Using higher reflux ratio
Increasing the vapour flow rate
Increasing the liquid flow rate

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Mass Transfer
The McCabe Δ L law states that the

Linear crystal growth rate does not depend on the crystal size
Linear crystal growth rate depends on the degree of supersaturation
Molar heats of vaporisation of components are nearly equal
Linear crystal growth rate depends on the crystal size

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Mass Transfer
When acetone is added in a two layer mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone and water at 30°C, the acetone distributes between the two layers and the composition of the layer follows two solubility curves. For this system,

The distribution curve which is a plot between x (acetone concentration in one phase) and y (acetone concentration in other phase) is analogous to x-y curve used in distillation and absorption termina
All of these
As the acetone concentration increases, the solubility curves approach each other
Both the phases become identical at a particular common point on both the solubility curves called the plait point

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