Workshop Technology
The welding set up is said to have straight polarity, when

Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder to the negative terminal
Work is connected to the positive terminal and the electrode holder is earthed
Work is connected to the negative terminal and the electrode holder to the positive terminal

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Workshop Technology
During hot working of metals

Grain structure of the metal is refined
Porosity of the metal is largely eliminated
Mechanical properties are improved due to refinement of grains
All of the listed here

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