Process Control and Instrumentation
The characteristic equation for the control system with a closed loop transfer function G₁/1 + G₂ is given by 1 + G₂ = 0. The characteristic equation for the control system

Is the same for set point or load changes
Determines its stability
Depends only upon the open loop transfer function
All of these

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Process Control and Instrumentation
A magnetic flowmeter is

Based on the linear relationship between the fluid flow rate and the induced voltage
Based on the principle of Faraday's law
All of these
Capable of measuring the flow rate of slurries and electrolytes

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Time constant is the

Same as dead time
Time taken by the controlled variable to reach 63.2% of its full change
Same as transportation lag
Time required by the measured variable to reach 63.2% of its ultimate change

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