RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

RCC Structures Design
The spacing of transverse reinforcement of column is decided by the following consideration.

Forty-eight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement
All listed here
Sixteen times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rods in the column
The least lateral dimension of the column

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP