Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a riser is to

Deliver the molten metal from pouring basin to gate
Deliver molten metal into the mould cavity
Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage

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