Workshop Technology
The welding process used to join the ends of two pipes of uniform cross-section, is

Projection welding
Seam welding
Upset butt welding
Spot welding

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Workshop Technology
Sand wash is a casting defect which

Results in a mismatching of the top and bottom parts of a casting
Occurs near the ingates as rough lumps on the surface of a casting
Results in general enlargement of the casting
Occurs as sand patches on the upper surface of a casting

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Workshop Technology
The purpose of a gate is to

Act as a reservoir for the molten metal
Delivers molten metal into the mould cavity
Feed the molten metal to the casting in order to compensate for the shrinkage
Delivers molten metal from pouring basin to gate

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