Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.
 rotor is made up of salient poles.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.

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Electrical Machines
In a dc generator operating on load with its brushes on the geometrical neutral axis (GNA), the magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is shifted in the direction of rotation. Now, if the brushes are given a lead of 90° (electrical), then the MNA will

 shift forward by 90°
 coincide with the GNA
 shift forward by more than 90°
 shift forward by less than 90°

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