Constantin‘, also known as ‘Eureka wire‘, is the trade-name for a copper-nickel alloy (approx. 60:40 ratio) formulated in the late 1800s by Edward Weston.
Luminous flux measures the total radiant power reaching a surface, but without regard to surface position: the power might be concentrated on only part of the surface or spread evenly across it. Irradiance (Ee) or illuminance (Ev) is the density of incident radiant flux or luminous flux at a point on a surface and is defined as radiant flux or luminous flux per unit area, as given by E = dφ/dA where (dφ) is the radiant flux or luminous flux incident on an element dA of the surface containing the point. The unit of irradiance is Wm−2, and that of illuminance is lux
Galvanized steel conductors do not corrode, and possess high resistance. Hence such Wires are used in telecommunications circuits, earth wires, guard wire, stray wire, etc.
The average value of the sine wave over one complete cycle is actually zero. Hence, for a sine wave, the average value is defined over half the period. The average value expressed in terms of peak value is given by Average value = 0.637 × peak value
Sudden changes of load on synchronous motors may sometimes set up oscillations that are superimposed upon the normal rotation, resulting in periodic variations of a very low frequency in speed. This effect is known as hunting or phase-swinging.
EXAMIANS