Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The total and effective stresses at a depth of 5 m below the top level of water in a swimming pool are respectively

0.5 kg/cm² and 0.5 kg/cm²
zero and zero
1.0 kg/cm² and 0.5 kg/cm²
0.5 kg/cm² and zero

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these

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