Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Coefficient of compressibility is

different for different types of soils but same for a soil under different states of consolidation
different for different types of soils and also different for a soil under different states of consolidation
independent of type of soil but depends on the stress history of soil
constant for any type of soil

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A tri-axial shear test is preferred to direct shear test, because

Stress distribution on the failure plane, is non uniform
None of these
Precise measurement of pore pressure and change in volume during test, is not possible
It can be performed under all three drainage conditions with complete control

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium

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