RCC Structures Design
The toe projection of foundation slabs is taken

As one sixth of overall height of the wall
Equal to heel slab
Below ground surface
As one third of the base

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)
y = L/2 - (l - x̅)

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RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage
Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress
All listed here

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