Heat and Mass Transfer
The time constant of a thermocouple is

The time taken to attain the final temperature to be measured
The time taken to attain 50% of the value of initial temperature difference
Determined by the time taken to reach 100°C from 0°C
The time taken to attain 63.2% of the value of initial temperature difference

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Heat and Mass Transfer
A steam pipe is to be lined with two layers of insulating materials of different thermal conductivities. For the minimum heat transfer,

The better insulation must be put inside
The better insulation must be put outside
One should take into account the steam temperature before deciding as to which insulation is put where
One could place either insulation on either side

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