Heat and Mass Transfer
The time constant of a thermocouple is

The time taken to attain 63.2% of the value of initial temperature difference
Determined by the time taken to reach 100°C from 0°C
The time taken to attain 50% of the value of initial temperature difference
The time taken to attain the final temperature to be measured

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Film coefficient is defined as Inside diameter of tube

Equivalent thickness of film
Thermal conductivity Equivalent thickness of film Specific heat × Viscosity
Thermal conductivity Molecular diffusivity of momentum Thermal diffusivity
Film coefficient × Inside diameter Thermal conductivity

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