Heat and Mass Transfer
Upto the critical radius of insulation,

Added insulation will increase heat loss
Convective heat loss will be less than conductive heat loss
Added insulation will decrease heat loss
Heat flux will decrease

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The heat transfer by conduction through a thick cylinder (Q) is given by (where T₁ = Higher temperature, T₂ = Lower temperature, r₁ = Inside radius, r₂ = Outside radius, l = Length of cylinder, and k = Thermal conductivity)

Q = 2.3 log (r₂/r₁)/[2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]
Q = [2πlk (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 log (r₂/r₁)
Q = [2π (T₁ - T₂)]/2.3 lk log (r₂/r₁)
Q = = 2πlk/2.3 (T₁ - T₂) log (r₂/r₁)

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Heat and Mass Transfer
Kirchhoff's law states that

The total radiation from a black body per second per unit area is directly proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature
The ratio of the emissive power and absorptive power of all bodies is the same and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly black body
The wave length corresponding to the maximum energy is proportional to the absolute temperature
None of these

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