Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe is required to be replaced by a new pipe. The two pipes are said to be equivalent, if

Loss of head and discharge of both the pipes is same
Diameter of both the pipes is same
Length of both the pipes is same
Loss of head and velocity of flow in both the pipes is same

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
There is excessive leakage in the pipe

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