Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
A bolt

Is provided with pointed threads
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has both the ends threaded
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other

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