Electrical Machines
The shaft torque of a dc motor is less than the electromagnetic torque because of

  eddy current losses.
  mechanical losses.
  hysteresis losses.
  ohmic losses.

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Electrical Machines
Armature reaction in a DC machine

 is in the same direction as the main poles.
  makes an angle of 90° with the main pole axis.
 is in direct opposition to the main poles.
 makes an angle with the main pole axis which is load dependent.

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