Electrical Machines
The shaft torque of a dc motor is less than the electromagnetic torque because of

  mechanical losses.
  ohmic losses.
  hysteresis losses.
  eddy current losses.

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Electrical Machines
An alternator is feeding an infinite busbar. Its prime mover is suddenly shutdown. The alternator will

 continue to work as synchronous motor with same direction of rotation.
 come to stand still.
 start working as induction motor.
 continue to work as alternator but the direction of rotation will reverse.

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