Average speed:- The distance covered between two stops divided by the actual time of the run is known as average speed. Average speed = (Distance between stops)/(Actual time of run) Schedule speed:- It is defined as the ratio of distance covered between two stops and the total time of run including the time of the stop. Schedule speed = (Distance between stops) /(Actual time of run + Stop time) This shows that schedule speed is always smaller than the average speed. The difference is large in the case of urban and suburban services and is negligibly small in the case of main-line service.
The factor by which, the induced E.M.F gets reduced due to short pitching is called pitch factor or coil span factor denoted by Kc. It is given as Kc = cosα/2 given α = 60° Kc = cos60/2 Kc = cos30° Kc = √3/2
Magnetic Field Strength (H) gives the quantitative measure of strongness or weakness of the magnetic field. H = B/μo Where B = Magnetic Flux Density μo = Vacuum Permeability The magnetic Field strength at the center of circular loop carrying current I is given by B = μoI/2r B/μo = I/2r H = I/2r At/m Where r = Radius
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