Machine Design
The resultant axial load on a bolt depends on

Relative elastic yielding (springness) of the bolt and the connected member
All of these
External load applied
Initial tension

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Machine Design
According to I.B.R., when the thickness of boiler shell (t) is greater than 8 mm, then the diameter of rivet hole (d) is obtained by

Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the shearing resistance of the rivets
Equating shearing resistance to the crushing resistance of the rivets
Equating tearing resistance of the plate to the crushing resistance of the rivets
None of these

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