Machine Design
The resultant axial load on a bolt depends on

Initial tension
External load applied
All of these
Relative elastic yielding (springness) of the bolt and the connected member

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Machine Design
In composite or reverse laid ropes

Wires are not twisted
Direction of twist of wires in strands is opposite to the direction of twist of strands
Direction of twist of wires and strands are same
Wires in two adjacent strands are twisted in opposite direction

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