Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Is the optimum reflux ratio
Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve
Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Cannot be computed

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Mass Transfer
Experiments were conducted to determine the flux of a species A in a stagnant medium across a gas-liquid interface. The overall mass transfer co-efficient based on the liquid side for dilute systems for the above was estimated to be 4 x 10⁻³ kg mole/m².s. The equilibrium data for the system is given as y = 2x. The flux across the interface (in kg mole/m² .s) for bulk concentrations of A in gas phase and liquid phase as y = 0.4 and x = 0.01 respectively is

5.6 x 10⁻³
5.6 x 10⁻⁴
8.5 x 10⁻³
8.5 x 10⁻⁴

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