Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?

None of these
Flow nozzle is cheaper than venturimeter but has higher energy loss
Discharge is independent of orientation of venturimeter whether it is horizontal, vertical or inclined
Coefficient of contraction of a venturimeter is unity

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