Machine Design
Split nut is a locking device in which

Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter pin splitted and bent in reverse direction at the other end
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening screw
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch

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