Machine Design
A thin spherical shell of internal diameter d is subjected to an internal pressure p. If σt is the tensile stress for the shell material, then thickness of shell is equal to

pd/4σt
pd/2σt
pd/3σt
pd/σt

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch
Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch

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