Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas
both (a) and (b)

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation

fix the free nitrogen (N2) by which it should not be usable by plants
both (a) and (b)
especially changes nitrogen compounds, mostly amines such as NH2
changes the free nitrogen (N2) to a form usable by plants

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen oxidation (nitrification)refers to the

sulfur is oxidized to the sulfate form through Thiobacillus bacteria
conversion of ammonium ions into nitrates through the activities of certain bacteria.
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
None of these

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Microbiology of Soils
A heterocyst is

the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells
a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen
a type of spore
a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis

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