Heat Transfer
The overall heat transfer co-efficient for a shell and tube heat exchanger for clean surfaces is U0 = 400 W/m².K. The fouling factor after one year of operation is found to be hd0 = 2000 W/m².K. The overall heat transfer co-efficient at this time is

1200W/m².K
894W/m².K
287 W/m².K
333W/m².K

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Heat Transfer
Fouling factor

Is a dimensionless quantity
Does not provide a safety factor for design
None of these
Accounts for additional resistances to heat flow

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Heat Transfer
Which of the following situations can be approximated to a steady state heat transfer system?

10 kg of dry saturated steam at 8 kgf/cm² flowing through a short length of stainless steel pipe exposed to atmospheric air at 35°C
Boiling brine kept in open vessel when the bottom surface temperature of the vessel is maintained constant at 180°C
A sub-cooled refrigerant liquid at 8°C flowing at the rate of 6 Kg/minute through a copper pipe exposed to atmospheric air at 35°C
A red hot steel slab (having outside surface temperature as 1300°C) exposed to the atmosheric air at 35°C

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