Electrical Machines
A dc shunt generator, when commissioned after a major repair of the field system, failed to build Up voltage. It was because

 field system lost residual magnetism
 there was a break in the armature circuit
 field winding was wrongly connected
 field resistance was higher than critical resistance

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Electrical Machines
In case of 3 - Φ IM, plugging means

  starting the motor on load which is more than the rated load.
  locking of rotor due to harmonics.
  interchanging two supply phases for quick stopping.
  pulling the motor directly on line without a rotor.

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