Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
The molar excess Gibbs free energy, gE, for a binary liquid mixture at T and P is given by, (gE/RT) = A . x₁. x₂, where A is a constant. The corresponding equation for ln y₁, where y₁ is the activity co-efficient of component 1, is

A . x₂²
Ax₂
Ax₁
Ax₁²

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Gibbs-Duhem equation

States that n₁dμ₁ + n₂dμ₂ + ....njdμj = 0, for a system of definite composition at constant temperature and pressure
None of these
Applies only to binary systems
Finds no application in gas-liquid equilibria involved in distillation

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