Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
The molar excess Gibbs free energy, gE, for a binary liquid mixture at T and P is given by, (gE/RT) = A . x₁. x₂, where A is a constant. The corresponding equation for ln y₁, where y₁ is the activity co-efficient of component 1, is

Ax₂
Ax₁²
A . x₂²
Ax₁

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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
A refrigeration cycle is a reversed heat engine. Which of the following has the maximum value of the co-efficient of performance (COP) for a given refrigeration effect?

Air refrigeration cycle
Carnot refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression cycle using expansion valve
Vapor compression cycle using expansion engine

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