Engineering Materials
Steel contains

Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
50% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
80% or more iron

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Engineering Materials
In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

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Engineering Materials
Stress relaxation is the phenomenon

In which stress remains constant on increasing load
Stress reduces on increasing load
In which deformation tends to loosen the joint and produces a stress reduced
In which parts are not loaded

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